Physics, Chemistry & Maths Glossary

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C

Cauchy-Bunyakovsky Inequality

\(\left|{\int\limits_a^b{f(x)g(x)dx}}\right|\le\sqrt{\int\limits_a^b {f^2 (x)dx}}\sqrt{\int\limits_a^b{g^2(x)dx}}\)

Class 01 - Chemical Bonding

The class is embedded below in HD. Fullscreen view is recommended for better clarity.

Class 01 - Trigonometric Equations

The class is embedded below in HD. Fullscreen view is recommended for better clarity.

Class 01 - Work & Energy

The class is embedded below in HD. Fullscreen view is recommended for better clarity.

Conditional Probability

\(P(A \cap B) = P(A)P(B/A)\)

Here, event A has taken place before B.

\(P(A \cap B) = P(B)P(A/B)\)

Here, event B has taken place before A.

Conservation of Angular Momentum

Conservation of angular momentum (COAM) is applicable to a system experiencing no net external torque.

It says that internal torques alone cannot change the angular momentum of the system. In other words, the angular momentum of the system is conserved in the absence of external torques.

Conservation of Linear Momentum

Conservation of linear momentum (COLM) is applicable to a system experiencing no net external force.

It says that internal forces alone cannot change the momentum of the system. In other words, the momentum of the system is conserved in the absence of external forces.

A typical example is that of a bullet fired from the gun. Initially, the bullet is inside the gun and the momentum of the system (gun + bullet) is zero. Now, when the gun fires the bullet, the bullet has forward momentum. However, the forces between the bullet and the gun are internal forces. So, the overall momentum must be zero later as well. So, the gun moves backwards and has backwards momentum. This ensures the overall zero momentum of the system.

Conservation Of Mechanical Energy

Conservation of mechanical energy (COME) is valid when there are no dissipative/non-conservative forces present. COME is different from conservation of energy (COE) which is generally true in all cases in classical Physics including those involving dissipative/non-conservative forces.

Critical Angle & Total Internal Reflection

When light rays travel from optically denser medium to optically rarer medium, we have the phenomenon of total internal reflection taking place beyond certain minimum value of the angle of incidence called critical angle. The video explaining this is embedded below and can also be seen in larger player at http://www.youtube.com/v/UKEurlicndE .